Two-cycle gas-engine.



PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

F. VON HANDOREP.

TWO CYCLE GAS ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED Dno.1z. 1904.

l To all whom it mayeoncernajl FRANZ HANDORFF, oFraANKFoRT-oN-THEMAINQGERMANY. Y

Nassaaso. f

i Spe'ccation of Letters Patent.

" 'Patented Jamas, 1907;

u flpplidatioix-led Delnbr 12,1994. lSerielle;386.542; l i.

' Beit known thatA I, FRANZ voN HANDORFF,

a citizen of the German Empire, residing at. Alrankfort-on-the-Main',`Germany, have in"-l v'entedlcertain new anduseful Im rovements in TwofCycle Gas-Engines; and do`y` hereby declare the followin tobe aiull, clear, and exact description o the invention, such as will enable others skilledinthe art to which it a pertains to make and'use the same.

T 'sinventionrelat'es to an improved two cycle gas engine, for 'single or double action 1n which at or near the end of the exhaust stroke orY at thebeginning of the supply stroke the gases of combustion are removed by means fof scavenging air supplied to the working-cylinder andlby means of the next charge. The said gases `of combustion are exhausted throu h conduits, arranged in the v reduce asfar' as possi walls of the cy der Iand adapted to be o ened at the end ofthe explosion stroke, by t e action of the piston.` The scavenging of the working-cylinder and the introduction of the freshA char e consumes acertain amount of work, and t e` larger this amount of work is, the'lower is the eiiiciency ofthe engine.

The object of the resent invention is to lile the amount ofwork required for the purpose4 indicated, in order to obtain t t e highest possible efficiency of the According to 'this' invention the gas is y sucked bythe compressed scavenging air, the

'iilling ofthe workingfcylinderl being effected while the exhaust ports are 'open. The valvel or slide forsupplyng thescavenging air and the explosive mixture is controlled by means of suitable gear, and the valve or slide for the supply of gas to the carbureter is also controlle'd by` means of suitable gear. `The .amount of work Arequired-for scavenging and charginglthe Workmg-cylinder is considerably reduced byusinga special form of exhaust-ports, 'or aspecial form of working-piston by which the period during which lthe exder depends uponthe pressure with which thescayengingair and the'charge have to be introduced into the/cylinder. Since this pressure `depends on thepressure existing in the Workingeylinder and on the time which .isat disposalf'or the scavenging and the introduction of the charge, it is obvious that for theiri lose Vof reducing Vthe/'work con; sumed b llike scavenging and charging effectstheexhaust ports mustremain open aS long. as possible, sincewhile they are open the pressure in the wor est point. t ,Y

In the annexed drawings one form of the inventionis shown by way ofexample as appliedto a double-acting engine.

`Figure' 1 is a longitudinal vertical section ofthe engine, Fig'. 2l a vertical cross-section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate special forms of exhaust conduits for the workingfcylinder, and Fig. 5 illustrates a s ecial form of piston forthe working eylin er,v

'-lhe working-cylinder a in `which moves the piston `b isprovidedat each end 4with a cover or cylinder head c on which is mounted a valvebox d with a supply valve i, and orts communicat' with an air-supply con uit f and a gas-supp y conduit g: arranged in a nozzle e. The valve 'iis xed to` a spindle 7c and is adapted to be controlled by meansy of rods l m n operated by means of a cam kg on the shaft o; a sp `h tends' to` keep the said valve closed. T e air conduit fleads into -eylinder is at its lowan annular chamber r, which-communicates municates with the interior of the cylindrical valve-box d by means oi slots .t; a slidevalve 'v for cutting ofi of the gas-supply is fixed to the spindle kwithin the valve-box. i The use of positively operated gear for con-` trolling the supply ofairand gas allows of exactly adjusting the quantities `of scavenging airk and explosive mixture to beused,` and of cuttingoff each at its proper time. y

l In the wall ofthe cylinder a exhaust-slots leading into theexhaust-conduit fw', a re arranged in such a manner thattheyare uncoveredby the `piston b near theend ofthe combustion can passout of the cylinder.=

VThe action of` the engine is, as f'ollowsiz-fV Whenthe piston b, which is shownin lthe drawing `at adead ointl ex oses lthe slots :n

the products'oi4 com ustion `ow through said slots into the, exhaust conduit channel w and mingle withtheouter atmosphere. As-soon as the Apressure in the working-cylinder has `fallen to a sufliciently,low` value the posi-` valve'I is opened,

IIO

tively controlled su ly and the working eylliln der is scavenged by explosion stroke, -so that the-products of IDO Toward the end of the lvided in the wall of the means of air passing through the nozzle s and the said valve "L. Since thesulpply of gas must not take place till latent e slide valve 'v covers the slots t d a certain length of time. The duration of t e scave'V 0.-

.ing action depends upon this length of time.

As soon as the slots t are uncovered the air flowing through the nozzle s sucks gas through the `said slots, so that explosive vmixture passes into the working-cylinder. In the meantime the piston has commenced the compression stroke and closes the slots a: hefore the explosivemixture can enter the exhaust-conduit ib, whereupon the valve 'i and consequently also the sli e valve 'u are closed. compression stroke the ignition takes place and the explosion stroke commences; toward the Vend` of the latter the described action is'y repeated.

As has already been mentioned the scavenging and charging of the worln'ng-cylinder takes place the more easily the more time there is at disposal for the operation, that is to say the longer the exhaust slots a: are exosed. But the length of these slots cannot e increased at will owing to the heating of the uncooled wall-parts betweenthem. If this heatin is excessive the said wall-parts would be liable to become fractured. In order to overcome this difficulty the slots are according to the present invention made-in a special manner. In the engine shown in Fig.

'1 the Walls of the centrally arranged slots :v

are at acute angles with regard to the axis of the cylinder, so that in the cylinder walls inclined grooves are formed, which'lead to the exhaust ports communicating with the exhaust-conduit w, the depth of said grooves increasing toward the slots. Owin ,to this arrangement the uncovering of thesIots :v by the piston b takes place considerably earlier, and the closing thereof considerably later, without interfering with the coolin of the wall parts between the slots. Anot er considerable advantage is obtained by this arrangement, since the noise associated with the exhaust is considerably reduced, owing to the throttling of the ases ofl combustion when the uncovering of -t e slots :v begins.

The exhaust-slots a: can also be of the shape shown in Fig. 3, .in which the grooves referred to are of substantially uniform depth, -but with this form of construction the reduction of the noise is not so complete. The same applies to the form of constructionl shown in Fig. 4, in which small ducts 'z inclined with regard to the, cylinder-axis, and leading from the slots to the exhaust conduit 'w are procylinder.

Since the inner yoriices of the slots :c and the edges of the piston b are co-operating parts theperi'od of exposure of the slots :v can also'be lengthened by giving the res ective parts ofthe iston ba shape suitable or that purpose. is illustrated in Fig. 5, in

vrangement the op f takes which it 'will be seen that the diameter of the pstpn l is gradually reduced toward the end o t e are at acute angles with regard to the inner surface. of the cylinder. Owing to this arening of the exhaust slots :c lace earlier, and the closing thereof an'would be the case if the diameter of the piston b were uniform throughout.

p The different forms of the exhaust-device shown in Figs. 1 to 5 can of course be combined in a suitable manner. -i

The gover of the engine in accordance with changesilboad is either effected by controlling the gas-sup ly by means of a throttle valve arrange in the gas-conduit g and operatedv y a suitable governor,.or by causing a governor to control in a known' manner, the stroke of the slide valve v through which gas is supplied.

The air for scaven 'ng and combustion is either supplied t0 tb e pressed air chamber or it is forced directly in to the working-cylinder by means of an' air-pump, so that eachsup ly stroke causes a-volume of air corresponding to the stroke of the pump to enter the working-cylinder.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a two cycle gas en fne, the combination of an explosive cham er, an inlet valve later, t

thereto, a supply pipe for air under pressure,

a gas supply pipe, a valve controlling the gas supply, an inlector in the air supply arranged to exert suction on the gas supp y pipe, and means for automatically opening the inlet and gas supply valves in sequence in the order naine 2. In a two-cycle gas engine, the co'mbina-- tion, of an explosion cham er, aninlet valve thereto, a supply pipe for air under pressure, a gas supply pipe, a valve controlling the gas supply, an injector in the air supply concentric of the gas supply, and means' for automatically and' positively opening they inlet and gas su ply valves in sequence in the order named).

3. In a two-cycle gas en 'ne, the combinapiston, s o that the edges of the piston ine from a com- IOO IIO

tion, of an explosion cham er, an inlet valve thereto, a supply pipe for air under pressure, a gas supply pipe, an annular valve controlling theV gas supply, an injector in the air supply concentric of the as supply valve, and means for automaticallgy and positively opening the valves in sequence in the order named.4 l

4. In a twoyclegas e 'ne, the combination, of an explosion chaiii1 thereto', a supply ipe for air under ressure, a nozzle arranged) as a terminus o the air supply ipe, a supply. pipe for fuel under substantia atmosp eric pressure, an .annular slide valve concentric with the nozzle and admitting gas to the interior of said valve around the nozzle, and means for opening the er, an inlet valve inlet valve to the explosion chamber and the gas valve concentric of the nozzle in sequence mi the order named. l

in the nozzle, a gas supply pipe dia-mhargingl concentrically oi the nozzle, an annular slide valve carried by the inlet valve stem and ar.- ranged to free the gas discharge openings after the opening ofthe inlet valve, said annular valve having an interior conical surface concentric'with the nozzle and arranged vin advance thereof, and means for automatic- Y ally and positively operating the inlet valve.

. 6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination, withr a cylinder and a piston moving therein, of exhaust orts controlled by the piston and having t eir walls lyin obliquely to the coacting piston surface' an forming therewith an an le of more than 45. 7. In an internal com ustion engine, the combination, with .a cylinder and apiston moving therein, of exhaust ports controlled by the piston and arranged in the Walls of the cylinder with their Walls lying obliquely to the axisoi the cylinder.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination, with a cylinder and a piston moving therein, of exhaust ports controlled by the piston and arranged in the Wallsof the cylinder With inclined approaches.

9. In a two-cycle gas engine, the combination,uwith a cylinder, a piston moving therein, and exhaust-ports controlled by the piston, of an explosion chamber, a supply pipe for air under pressure, a nozzle forming the terminus of the air pipe, an linlet valve, an annular gas inlet valve arranged to discharge the gas concentrically of the nozzle, and means for automatically and positively operating said valves in sequence 1n the order named.

10. In a two-cycle as engine, the combination, with a cylin er, a iston moving therein,r exhaust orts contro ed by the piston and having t eir Walls lying obli uely to the coacting piston surface and (lorming therewith an angle of more than 45, of an explosion chamber, an inlet valve for air under pressure, a gas inlet valve, and means for automatically and positively operatingsaid gas inlet valve.

1 1. Ina two-cycle gas engine, the combination, with a cylinder, a piston moving therein, and exhaust ports controlled by the piston and arran ed in the Walls of the cylinder with their Wallys lying obliquelyto the axis of the cylinder, of an explosion chamber, an inlet valve forar under pressure, agas inlet valve,and.n`1eans for automatically and positively operating said valves in sequence in the order named.

12. In a two-cycle gas engine, the combination, with a cylinder, a piston moving therein, exhaust ports controlled by thepiston and arranged 4in the walls^ of the cylinder with their Walls lying obliquely to the axis., of the cylinder, of an explosion chamber, a supply pipe for the air under pressure, aninletvalve from said pipe to th explosion chamber,- a gas supply pipedischarging into the air supply pipe, Va `valve controlling the discharge from the gas pipe, and means for operating said gas valve automatically and positively.

13. In a two-cycle gas engine, the com bination, with a cylinder, a piston mo therem, and exhaust ports controlled by the piston and arranged in the walls of the cylinder with their walls lying obliquely to the axis of the cylinder, of an explosion chamber, a supply pipe for air under pressure,

an inlet valve from said pipe to the explosion chamber, a gas supply pipe discharging into the air supply pipe and means for operating said valves in sequence in the order named.

14.' In a two-cycle as engine, the combination, with a cylin er, a piston moving therein, and exhaust ports controlled by the piston and arranged in the Walls of the cylinder with their Walls lying obliquely to the axis of the cylinder, of an explosion chamber, an inlet valve thereto, a supply pipe for air under pressure, a gas supply pipe, a valve controlling the gas supply, an injector in the air supply adjacent to the gas supply, and means for. automatically and positively operatin the gas supply valve.

15. n a two-cycle gas engine, thecombination, with a cylinder, a piston moving therein, and exhaust ports controlled by the piston and arranged in the Walls of the cylinder With their Walls lying obliquely to the axis of the cylinder, of an explosionchamber, an inlet valve thereto, a supply pipefor air under pressure, a gas supply pipe, a valve controlling the gas supply, an injector in the air supply adjacent to the gas'supply, and means for automatically and positively operating the valves in sequence in the order named.

16. In a two-cycle gas engine, the combination, with a cylinder, a piston mo therein and exhaust ports controlled by the piston and arranged in the Walls of the cylinder with their Walls lying obliquely to the axis of the cylinder, of an explosion chamber, an inlet valve thereto, a supply pipe for air under pressure, a nozzle arranged Within the air supply pipe, a gas supply pipe, an annular slide valve concentric with the nozzle and admitting gas to the air supply pipe, and' means for opening the inlet valve to the explosion chamber and the gas valve adjacent tothe nozzle in sequence in the order named.

17. In a two-cycle gas engine, the combination, with a cylinder, a piston moving therein, and exhaust ports controlled by the IOO -rc inlet valve stem and arranged to free the ges 1 L Y 4gs afm' 4the opening ,ai lthe inlet v ve, and means for automatically and positively operating the inlet valve.

'In testimony whereof I have hereunto afxed my signature in the presence of two Witf x5 FRANZ VON HANDGRFF.

Witnesses:

JEAN GRUND, CARL GRUND. 

